Getting A Good Fix Carbon Fiber Crack

By Etta Bowen

It is a typical thing for your bike frame to get harmed. In the occasion of this, you have to search for a legitimate proficient who will benefit a repair for you. A great many specialists in this field are available which you can go to. Of great importance is to reach the most trustworthy master. Such an individual will work towards guaranteeing satisfaction of your wishes. There are a number of things to observe when looking for a good fix carbon fiber crack service.

In any case thing to consider would be the cost to pay for the repair process. The charge for the service varies beginning with one expert then onto the following. Differentiating the costs of diverse bosses will help you end with one who offers the service at the most affordable cost. A couple of specialists are beguiling in nature and reliably overcharge their costs to make more benefits from their service obtainment.

Quality of parts used to do the repair should also be checked. A good repair is one done using durable and phenomenal parts. You should be accessible when the fixing is jumping out at scout this. Absence will reliably be joined by apprehensions. You should not believe all pros in the fixing to refrain from getting perplexed.

Reliability of the service providers should be the other thing for contemplating. It is substantial to say that not all masters can be relied on upon. Some are a total dissatisfaction. Exactly when left to do the fixing isolated they end up messing up distinctive parts provoking more damages. You should get trust competent masters who have been in the field for very much a while.

Capacity of the masters is also worth considering. From the wide rundown of these masters, you need to find one which has a good reputation in offering a good repair. The individual should be one who has been in the field for truly a while and henceforth has grabbed experience and capacities of dealing with any kind of issue in the field.

Reliable and reliability of the expert also needs checking. The expert to work with should be one which can be confided in taking care of the assignment. A solid expert is one who has been in the service procurement for quite a while. The expert to work with should be one who has a good notoriety in the field.

Sort of service profited by a service provider should also be a thing for pondering. Quality of service differs starting with one company then onto the next. It is therefore upon you to search for a company which you will get the best treatment. It is critical to dependably work with an amicable master when getting to any sort of service. It is clear that best organizations today are those which benefit a great service to client.

Watching the components pointed out above will organize you to the most reliable service provider. In this, you will be ensured of getting the best repair of your carbon fiber break. It is hence fitting for any individual searching for such a service to contact a true blue and robust company. This will promise you get extraordinary results.

About the Author:

You can get the latest tips on how to fix carbon fiber crack from our up-to-date site. For further information, see the following page at http://www.swampghostframeworks.com now.

Abcs Of Bike Tune Up

By Etta Bowen

During World War II the motorcycle was used on a large scale. All warring nations presented their production to military Motorcycles. The American motorcycle industry, represented by Harley-Davidson and Indian, produced over 300,000 motorcycles, the British industry 425,000 motorcycles for the Allies. The most copied motorcycle in world: a DKW RT 125, 1939-1965 (bike tune up). The motorcycle was used in post-war period as a "cheaper car replacement". The motorcycles should be robust, reliable and simple in construction. The journalist Ernst Leverkus called corresponding models "Westerwald motorcycles" and led as examples of Ardi B 250, BMW R 24, NSU 251 OSL, Triumph BDG, Victoria KR.

In same year the brothers Werner in France developed a motorcycle with front wheel drive. With the technical innovation of spray nozzle carburetor, patented by Wilhelm Maybach in 1893, and the magneto ignition, a patent by Robert Bosch in 1901, the motorcycle was much easier to use. The development of motorcycle technology was coined until First World War only by European and American manufacturers in 1902 presented a Griffon Motorcycle with V-engine produces.

1904 FN introduced the four-cylinder engine and the propeller shaft before, and Indian the throttle. 1905 appeared first motorcycles with sprung front suspension. 1909, the two-stroke engine and the kick starter Scott was presented. Adalberto Garelli 1913 developed the double piston engine, a special design of two-stroke engine. 1914 Indian offered as standard to an electric starter and electric lighting.

Manufacturing motorcycles has used some technological innovations: In 1887, the French Millet motorcycle manufactures and sells a few copies of a motorcycle with a petrol engine 5-cylinder radial placed in rear wheel. In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmuller sells a motorcycle equipped with a horizontal twin-cylinder 1490 cc which has initial real sales network in history.

First company that was manufactured in USA motorcycles on an industrial scale Indian -. 1913 to 1917 the largest motorcycle manufacturer in world. In postwar period, Harley-Davidson became the largest motorcycle manufacturer in world; in Germany began with numerous companies of motorcycle production, including well-known names such as DKW (1922) and BMW (1923). In 1920s, the military except distribution of motorcycles with sidecar began.

In same year there were in Harley-Davidson first belt drive on primary and secondary side. In 1981, with the Honda CX 500, first production motorcycle with exhaust turbocharger before. In 1985, Suzuki with the GSX-R 750 first uncompromising derived from motor racing series motorcycle before and thus defined the class of super athletes.

In 1988 there were at BMW first antilock braking system for motorcycles as an option and 1992 first traction control at the Honda Pan European. In 1999, Suzuki with its Hayabusa 1300, first over 300 km / h fast production motorcycle before, in 2006 Piaggio with their MP3 first tricycle with swivel mechanism (Leaning Multi Wheeler), 2007 Honda inir Gold Wing a motorcycle airbag and 2014, the KTM AG in its 1190 Adventure the Motorcycle stability Control (MSC), an electronic stability control of Robert Bosch.

1920 presented Ernest Walker in Daytona on an Indian with 167.67 km / h first recognized by the FIM world speed record. Until 1937 the output was increased, inter alia, by charging motor to over 279.5 km / h (by Ernst Jakob Henne). Also, two-stroke engines were on the supercharged piston pump, a power improvement among others at DKW. "A (limited)" - limited, from the age of 18; max. 25 kW and not exceeding 0.16 kW / kg curb weight; after two years of ownership can be provided uncomplaining driving experience, will be topped with a practical examination in the unlimited class A.

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Read more about Basic Overview Of Bike Tune Up.

Medical Massage Therapy Evolution To Mainstream Society Use

By Etta Bowen

One of the best ways of freeing your mind from and body from emotional stresses that are ill natured and will lower your body functionality is through massage. The advantages of this therapy is that it does not seem to be properly utilized as it should be required of them. The medical massage therapy is advantageous in that it does not seem to be utilized usually as people would want them utilized.

If is obviously common sense that most people out there would definitely fathom getting a massage. The health implications of the massage however are not known to many. There are those who think that it is a way to feel good and relax the mind, body and spirit however it actually heals the soft tissues and body muscles.

The cardiovascular body system is also affected by the higher pressure in the blood which makes one prone to getting attacks of the heart and cardiovascular diseases. Eating a lot is a way that many people use as a mechanism of coping with their high levels of stress. The result of this can be obesity and other potential comorbidities that may accompany a gain in weight such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stress on ones joints which arise from the body carrying excessive weight.

For those who are at work or in the field it becomes frustrating when you would like to do additional work but your body does not cooperate. Your performance will feel at a low. If you are experiencing such a situation you should consider having a physical examination of yourself. Try out the massage therapy and it might prove to be the silver lining that you needed.

Sleep is among the most significant biological processes for which the mind and body. Through this the body will be capable of initiating repair on a very complex level of its own. For the this process to be most effective it is advisable to have it done before you doze off.

Despite the particular parlors still being in existence the places where their presence are more concentrated are in hoods rather than the suburbs. The common misconception of relaxation whenever massage is mentioned is not true. It has recovered its respect as being as being a medical therapy that is focused on ensuring that ones body performance is enhanced through healing.

The layman perception that the therapy involves rubbing the body with lotion though may seem practically true is incorrect. The therapists have been specially trained to be able to manipulate the soft tissues in a body that will enhance their functioning. This will make a person more relaxed and reduce the spasms being experienced in muscles.

When it comes to athletes a regular therapy will be crucial in removing the muscles tight or atrophied. The therapists assist them to recover from strenuous workout. Medical massage is very effective.

About the Author:

You can visit www.unlockingthebody.com for more helpful information about Medical Massage Therapy Importance And Implications For You.

Risque video of women with tanks and guns - U.S. - Stripes

Utah National Guard opens probe of risque video of women with guns - U.S. - Stripes

Patton Oswalt 1997 (part 2)

Louisville Bats Zombie Night Commercial

Myth Busters at Comic Con 2014

Myth Busters at Comic Con 2014

60 seconds of their best explosions to start it off.

25 Conspiracy Theories That Turned Out To Be True

The military is conspiring to instill fear in the populace
Heart attack guns exist
FBI is conspiring against civil activists
Mockingbird is a branch of the CIA
Fascists plan to overthrow the US government
The Gulf of Tonkin incident never really happened
The FBI poisoned alcohol during prohibition
CIA pays for false testimony
Asbestos is dangerous
ATM's use facial recognition technology
There's cancer in your vaccines
Texas is going to run out of water
The IRS is targeting conservatives
Fluoride is bad for your teeth
Cellphones cause cancer
The NSA is tapping your phonelines
Scientists use millions of genetically modified animals in research
The government is conspiring against opponents of genetically modified food
Scientists are creating human/animal hybrids
The World Series was rigged
The CIA tried to develop mind controlUS is secretly selling weapons to Iran
The CIA operates "Black Sites"
Watergate was put on by Nixon
Wrestling is fake.........

10 Disturbing Conspiracy Theories

Top 10 Conspiracy Theories

Happy Birthday Merca!!!!!

Watch our show!!! Subscribe to our newsletter and podcast at Louisville Kentucky's Racing and Gaming News.

ComicGirl 19 Podcast #21

15 Worst Conspiracies Of All Time

My Cousin Chris really believes in all of this stuff.......

Apollo didn't really happen? What about the battle with the Aliens at the South Pole in 1946? Cuthulu?

Seriously some people cannot just let go of a theory even after overwhelming evidence to the contrary.

Wing Dings font theory. Never heard of that one. Hilarious.

Stargate is real?!?!? Apparently the LHC is a gateway instead of the most expensive project in human history.

The American Obama Weather Control Machine is a thing?

Pyramid Power and Bagdad Batteries ran ancient Egypt. HHHHMMMMM??????

The XBox One is an NSA monitoring device?

Satanic Roleplaying Games like D&D....

Hitler was cloned and is living in Argentina.

Lizard people was proven by Doctor Who and Lady Di had gills?

Trained Sharknado Spies can kill entire tourism industries.

Adam and Eve were really dropped off by the alien Ark piloted by Noah?

Bigfoot rescued the crew of the US Navy ship that disappeared in the Philadelphia Experiment.

Man my head hurts.......

The History Of Thai Fights

By Wanda Rosner

Thai fights are competition fights carried out as a sport in Thailand and that involves huge stand up striking, and use of different grappling methods. A professional league exists in Thailand controlled by the World Thai Council specifically for the sport. The use of all limbs, that is knees, fists, elbows and feet has earned it the popular title of the art of eight limbs.

In the old days, the technique was traditionally used as an actual fighting combat in warfare, and was only later practiced as a sport. The opponents would meet in a ring in front of spectators gathered to watch the match as entertainment. As time went by, the fights became an integral part of the local traditions and celebrations of the people of Thailand, especially those organized in the temples. Later on, fighters were given hemp rope that they tied around their hands and forearms to protect themselves. This type of match was called the muay khat chueak.

Muay grew widely in the 19th century with the advance of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), during which the country became at peace, such that the technique was only used for leisure, self-defense, recreation, physical exercise and personal advancement. A boxing ring was introduced; the first one in Thailand, in 1921, and referees were brought in. Modern gloves and hard groin protectors were introduced in the sport and given to the fighters.

The strikes became a lot more damaging to the opponent with the introduction of knots in the rope on the knuckles. This was stopped after a death occurred in the ring, so gloves and cotton coverlets were later preferred. The term muay Thai became widespread while the previous version was known as muay boran.

Two types of Thai fighting exist; major technique (mae mai) and luk mai (minor techniques). All the techniques require the whole body to move, as well as the hip when taking kicks, punch, elbow and blocking. The fight has changed through years; for instance, a new sport famously called the muay Thai has emerged.

Many techniques are used to prevent attack. The fighter can use blocking, in which the he /she prevents a strike by stopping it before it reaches him/her. Redirection is used where a defender wades off an attack by changing its direction, making it to miss its designation. The defender can decide to use avoidance, in which he/she moves his/her body or part to avoid getting hit, and then finds space to counter attack.

The evasion technique is used by the defender by moving the whole body to prevent an attack, and the later moves it back to counter. A combination of the disruption technique, and the anticipation technique can be used when countering an attack, such as a roundhouse kick before it lands. This helps the fighter gain a positive advantage during the fight.

In the past, muay Thai was used to improve body fitness and toughness, which is required when participating in a match. The training can be in the form of running, jumping, shadowboxing, medicine ball exercises, weight training ,abdominal exercises, and bodyweight resistance exercises. These are useful to the health and fitness of the fighter.

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Looking to find the best deal on muay thai Fight, then visit my site to find the best advice on muay thai T-shirt for you.

The Science of Spying 1965

The Science of Spying 1965

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Glenn Greenwald: The explosive day we revealed Edward Snowden's identity to the world

In the hours after his name became known, the entire world was searching for the NSA whistleblower, and it became vital that his whereabouts in Hong Kong remained secret. In an extract from a new book, No Place to Hide, Glenn Greenwald recalls the dramatic events surrounding the moment Snowden revealed himself in June 2013

Glenn Greenwald: the explosive day we revealed Edward Snowden's identity to the world | World news | theguardian.com

(Via Louisville Independent Political News and Commentary.)

Wartoons - The History Club - Scout

Wartoons - The History Club - Scout

“Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy— the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.” -- President Franklin D. Roosevelt, addressing Congress and the American people on Dec. 8, 1941. More than 65 years after President Roosevelt’s timeless announcement, it is easy for us to regard America’s entry into World War II as inevitable. But before Roosevelt spoke those words, the average American would have defined himself as determinedly isolationist. If World War I had taught Americans anything, it was that intervention overseas was a waste of lives and resources. The conflict looming in Europe throughout the 1930s was a problem, but not one he saw as his to solve. All that changed on Dec. 7, 1941. With the attack on Pearl Harbor, it became apparent that the United States’ role in the war was to be an active one, and the national state of denial was crushed. America needed a massive propaganda effort to get a rattled public to move to support intervention as quickly as possible, and every branch of media would have to be involved—including the redheaded stepchild of the film industry: the animated cartoon. Golden age of animation

Wartoons - The History Club - Scout

(Via Louisville Independent Political News and Commentary.)

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Earthquake Plans And Emergency Kits

By Eric Holm

Those who are wise enough to consider earthquake preparedness could find themselves in a better position to survive a natural disaster than others. Earthquakes are simply unpredictable, and they can strike at any time, anywhere in the world. More often than not, most will simply count on first responders, like police and paramedics, to be there for them if something disastrous happens. During natural disasters, these individuals may or may not be able to help, so taking steps to insure the survival of you and your family is a must.

The staples of every earthquake preparedness and kits are first aid supplies, medicines, and several gallons of drinking water and enough food for your whole family that will last for at least three days. You should also include gadgets and tools such as battery operated lights and lamps, transistor radio, and mobile phone or other types of communication device that will help you survive even when there is no electricity and gas.

Some people even recommend buying furniture-fastening straps, safety adhesive fasteners, and other implements that can keep your furniture, drawers, cupboards and other fixtures from falling off. Cutting tools and fire extinguishers must also be within easy reach so that you can cut off water and gas pipes and extinguish fire when it happens after the earthquake.

Every single family should discuss and develop a plan for when the unthinkable happens. Knowing what to do and where to go in an event such as this can be the difference between life and death. Sit down and discuss proper ways to protect yourself from falling objects and moving furniture. Make sure that everyone knows where the survival kits are as well. Another important piece of the puzzle is having a designated area where friends and family can meet up in the event that loved ones become separated. There may be times when staying in the home is not safe, so be sure that there is a back up plan that everyone clearly understands.

Disastrous seismic activities are quite rare, but your earthquake preparedness gear can also be used during other emergency and disaster situations. Just make sure that you immediately replenish your supplies after using them for other purposes. Also, do remember to check your kits every six to twelve months to replace stored water, canned goods and other food items, and medicines.

About the Author:

Earthquake kits can save your life! Get more info now in our guide to all you need to know about how and where to find the best specialty emergency kits.

Things To Know Before You Go Hunting

By Linda Cantrell

You want to pursue a different activity. This time, you want to pursue one that is more physical. You would not want to have to remain indoors since you want to enjoy more sunshine this time.

A good options would be to pursue South Texas Hunting. This should be a good choice in the sense that it would perfectly embody your aim of being able to enjoy the outdoors and enjoy something fun. The fact that you will be aiming for moving targets is enough to make it more than an exciting choice for you.

For people who are going to be joining you for the very first time, it is always essential that you'll be able to get the an idea about all the things you need to follow and the things you have to observe when joining these activities. This is important so you're able to do things right and you are bot breaking any laws in the process.

Consider the regulations set by your state for these activities too.Take the steps to ensure that you'll meet these regulations well. You have to avoid breaking the law when doing such an activity. The wildlife needs to be protected, after all. So, you can only hunt those that you are permitted to.

Planning ahead is always important. It is always important that you get to plan all the things you ought to do and you need to bring with you beforehand. Then, you are sure that you'll be set and ready come the day of the trip.

You are going to need to secure a license too. It is important that you will get the right credentials first before you will decide to pursue this activity, this gives you assurance that you will not be apprehended by the authorities while hunting around.

You are going to need to find the most appropriate equipment for such a purpose too. You have to remember that you cannot expect to get the task done without the right weapons. They are regulated as well. So, make sure that you are able to find those units that are going to be approved by the authorities.

You can choose to buy your own equipment or rent it out. People who are doing this for the first time should choose to get the equipment rented out first. Only after you are sure that this is one app that you would really pursue for a long time should you decide to make the purchase.

Make sure that you only wear the right clothing too. Always remember that the attire and the garb that you'll be wearing matters a lot. You need to see to it that you are wearing the proper attire. This will help camouflage you against your preys better, at the same time, this will protect you too.

Do not forget to have fun. Remember, you want to really maximize this particular experience. This is the reason why you wish to indulge in it in the first place. So, make sure that you'll really take the time to have fun.

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Read more about Things You Need To Know When Hunting.

Choosing The Best Pocket Knife Sharpener

By Gwen Lowe

People own pocket knives for a variety of reasons. For some people it can be practical. If you run a business then you can often find yourself opening parcels, fixing things and generally dealing with a number of issues where having a blade to hand can be useful. If you enjoy camping then having a pocket knife can be very advantageous and could even be vital in some emergency situations. In order to keep your knives in a usable condition it helps to have the best pocket knife sharpener.

Over time the blade can become dull with more and more use. Fortunately rather than continually having to purchase new knives all you need to do is keep them sharp. What you use to keep the blades sharp will depend on the type of item you have and the material that it is made from.

When considering something portable a stone is best for something to carry around in your pocket. This allows you to sharpen the blade quickly. How often you sharpen it will depend on what you use the blade for. For example you may only wish to use it occasionally to cut string or open packages then you do not need to sharpen a blade very often. If however you go camping a lot and use it regularly then you need to sharpen the edge more regularly.

The best material for this is diamond. When you want the sharpest possible edge then you should sharpen along the edge of the blade. Alternatively you can use a stone that is coated with diamond paste in order to get a sharpened edge without getting something that is fully diamond in order to sharpen your knife.

Ceramic sharpening is another option. This uses a stick of ceramic material that comes in either blue or white. The blue is a coarse material while the white is smoother. The blue is often recommended for people who are using a sharpener for the first time as these can be used for general usage.

These are relatively simple to use. All you have to do is switch the device on, fit the knife to the machine and then let it do the sharpening before finally switching it off. It is often just a case of following instructions. However remember to check the size of the device and the type of blades it is compatible with to avoid damaging the handle or other parts.

The size of the sharpening product you use should be referenced on a website or product specification. A lot of reviews will often include product specification information so it is best to check this before placing orders. This will allow you to choose something appropriate to your requirements.

In short there are a number of options available when considering a knife sharpener. It is best to check a broad range of reviews and opinions. This will make it easier when finding the ideal option to suit your requirements. Use your regular search engine to find out more about different brands as well as getting feedback from customer reviews, social media and other forms of feedback to help find the right sharpener to suit your requirements.

About the Author:

You can visit www.tonyssharpener.com for more helpful information about Finding The Best Pocket Knife Sharpener.

How To Go About Training Golden Retriever Puppies

By Jaclyn Hurley

Golden retrievers are a popular breed of dogs. They are good looking and are quite intelligent. The breed is also popular because the dogs are very friendly and they show a lot of appreciation for human companionship. They are also good at taking instructions. The key is to start training golden retriever puppies as soon as they come into your care.

Golden retriever puppies can be trained without a professional trainer. It helps to start training right away when the puppy is still adjusting to its new environment rather than wait until it already develops habits and try to break them. Puppies aged at least 8 weeks old can take instruction.

Thanks to their friendliness, golden retrievers are easily trainable when training is done with affection. Affirming them with positive words and petting them lets them know that they have done a positive thing. They will do the action again and again to get rewarded again. Treating them with food is also a good way to reward them but minimally. This is one breed that packs on the pounds quite easily. Dogs should also not be trained to associate being fed with whether they behave or not.

You will find that these breed of puppies learn quite fast and they have the ability to learn a number of things at the same time. A good approach is to tackle the habits that the puppy comes with such as jumping, biting and chewing on things. These are not bad habits but the puppies need to learn what they can and cannot bite and chew on and bite.

Reinforce desired behavior by using words like no and off to remove them from furniture. Use a firm, if necessary high voice to get their attention and stop them from continuing with an undesirable action. Use the same stop words in the same tone and a happy, voice to praise them. Be consistent and the puppy will soon know the difference between actions that are good and those that are bad. Others in the household should have the same consistency.

During early days, you should teach your puppy to sit. The right place should help themselves should also be taught as early as possible. After several weeks of consistent training, there should be no messes on the carpet on the house. Stay close to the puppy and direct it outside whenever you see the leg going up. Quickly shoo the puppy outside and they will know they need to go outside when they need to go.

A puppy should also get used to being cleaned from early on. Get into a routine about washing them down with pet shampoo, drying them and brushing down their fur. You will be able to see the beginnings of any pests like ticks or any kind of infection or disease and take care of it before it gets serious.

A lot of dog owners fail to set aside the time it takes to properly train a golden retriever puppy. They then end up with an adult dog that is a problem rather than a joy. Start with simple lessons and then go on to more advanced ones. Getting a head start is also advisable because you will have time to bring in a professional trainer if necessary while the puppy is still young. Consistency will pay off in form of a well behaved, four-legged family member.

About the Author:

You can visit www.retrievertrainingcourse.com for more helpful information about Tips For Training Golden Retriever Puppies.

30 Cult Movies You Must See

30 Cult Movies That Absolutely Everybody Must See: "Kevin Bacon film about tongue like appendages attached to giant subterranean monsters that attack a small town in the western United States? You watch the hell out of it, of course. This movie received a warm reception from audiences and critics despite not making a whole lot of sense. But you know what? That's part of this movie's charm — the mystery of the 'Graboids' didn't need to be explained to make this movie fun. All anyone cared about was the crazy ride."

(Via.)

Jedi School: A Few Years Down The Road....

Adventures in Jedi School: Sexism and Lightsaber Safety -- powered by Cracked.com

Denver's Airport Conspiracy Update.....

Exploding Nuclear Reactors vs Nuclear Weapons

“Aliens’ and your favorite mass media had it wrong. Nuclear Reactors do not explode like Nuclear Weapons for some very good, science based reasons. While still a major concern for a whole host of environmental and long term waste disposal reasons Nuclear Reactors are not really that high on a Terrorists targeting matrix. The attached article by a Penn State student simplifies the argument as much as possible. It is a quick read but essentially it is an Apples and Oranges argument.

Why a Nuclear Reactor Cannot Explode like an Atom Bomb

Jason Denhollander / http://www.personal.psu.edu/jdd5053/blogs/the_den/technical-description.html

Reactors and Atom Bombs
A nuclear reactor is a power plant, that uses nuclear fission to eventually generate electricity.
An atom bomb also uses nuclear fission to generate energy causing an explosion. However, due to
fundamental differences between the two a nuclear reactor cannot explode like an atom bomb. To
understand these differences, it is first important to understand the concept of nuclear fission and
criticality.

Background
Fission
Nuclear fission results when a neutron collides with an atom, causing it to become unstable and
split. Once the atom splits, neutrons are released, along with energy and radiation, this is shown below
in figure 1. In a reactor, the energy released is used to heat water. Eventually once the temperature of
the water is high enough, the water will change to steam. The steam is then forced through a turbine,
which creates electricity. Depending on the speed of the neutrons, a fission can be either a fast fission
or a thermal fission. Thermal fissions pertain to slower moving neutrons.
Figure 1. Fission Reaction
The concept of fission is the heart of the nuclear industry. In a reactor millions of fission
reactions are needed to generate the energy required to heat the water. Causing fissions over and over
again would not be an effective way to do this, instead a chain reaction is used. A fission chain
reaction is a fission reaction that sustains itself. When a neutron collides with an atom, more neutrons
are released. If there is an abundance of atoms, and the neutrons are contained, the neutrons that are
released from the first reaction, will cause more atoms to fission releasing more energy and more
neutrons. The number of neutrons present after each fission is the criticality of the reactor and is
denoted by the multiplication factor k.
The Multiplication Factor and the Six-Factor Formula
The multiplication factor, k, is simply the number of neutrons produced per fission, divided by he number of neutrons lost per fission. The six-factor formula is composed of six factors that when
multiplied together equal k, k = η f ε p PTNL PFNL . Each term represents a different way a neutron can be
lost or gained.
• η - Production Factor. The production factor compares the number of neutrons produced to the
number of neutrons being absorbed. It is dependent on the type of fuel being used.
• f - Thermal Utilization Factor. The thermal utilization factor compares the amount of neutrons
being absorbed by the fuel to the amount of neutrons being absorbed everywhere else.
• ε - Fast Fission Factor. The fast fission factor compares the total amount of fissions to the
amount of thermal fissions.
• p - Resonance Escape Probability. The resonance escape probability is the probability that a
neutron survives the resonances as it slows down from a fast neutron to a thermal neutron.
• PTNL - Thermal Non-leakage Probability. The thermal non-leakage probability is the probability
that a thermal neutron will not leak outside of the core.
• PFNL - Fast Non-leakage Probability. The fast non-leakage probability is the probability that a
fast neutron will not leak outside of the core.
Figure 2. The neutron life cycle
Figure 2 shows the neutron life cycle, which is simply the terms of the six-factor formula. Once
the multiplication factor is determined, the criticality of the reactor can be found.
• k > 1 --> supercritical, more neutrons are being produced than lost.
• k = 1 --> critical, the same amount of neutrons are being produced as lost.
• k < 1 --> subcritical, more neutrons are being lost than produced.
The criticality of a reactor is a crucial design element. A subcritical reactor is useless since it
will be impossible to start a fission chain reaction. While a critical reactor is the most desirable,
reactors are normally designed to be supercritical, and then through the use of moderators, are scaled
back to critical. Now that fission and criticality are understood, it is easy to see the differences between
an atomic bomb and a nuclear reactor.he Differences
There are two main fundamental differences between the design of an atomic bomb, and the
design of a nuclear reactor. One difference is the way the fission reactions are controlled and the
second difference stems from the enrichment of the fuel.

Control of Nuclear Fission
One main difference between the two is that the fission events in a reactor are monitored and
controlled closely. An atom bomb is an uncontrolled fission chain reaction, that releases exorbitant
amounts of energy quickly. The design of a nuclear reactor includes control rods. The control rods are
placed in the core to control the fission reaction. Control rods do this by absorbing neutrons, which
decreases the multiplication factor. The more control rods in the core, the lower the criticality, thus
there will be less neutrons available for fission. An atom bomb is designed to maintain all the neutrons
produced, making it always supercritical.

Enrichment
The second difference between the two is the enrichment of the fuel. Natural uranium, the
uranium found in the earth, cannot be used as a fuel because it is not reactive enough to cause a chain
reaction. This is because natural uranium is composed almost entirely of U
238, which is a relatively
stable element. By enriching it with U235, the uranium becomes more reactive, which increases the
production factor. While both fuel for a reactor and fuel for an atomic bomb are enriched, a reactor's
fuel is only enriched around 4 to 5 percent. Whereas an atomic bomb is enriched to about 90 percent.
This makes the multiplication factor much larger in a bomb than a reactor, which signifies a greater
number of available neutrons. The fuel used in a reactor is not capable of causing an explosion.

Explosions
While a nuclear reactor can never explode like an atomic bomb, an explosion can still occur.
All power plants are a potential site for an explosion, because the fuel used, whether it is coal, uranium,
or natural gas, needs to be energy dense. At coal plants, sparks can set coal dust on fire causing an
explosion. Gas leaks can cause explosions at natural gas plants. Typically at a nuclear reactor, the type
of explosion seen would be a steam explosion. A steam explosion could only occur if the reactor
suffered a meltdown. A meltdown means that due to lack of coolant, or too much fission, the core
becomes so hot that it melts. Due to the intense heat produced, water is turned to steam. Also, the fuel
rods melt, turning them into a liquid. This allows the metal to react with the steam, causing an
explosion.

The destruction at Chernobyl was caused by a steam explosion. Since the turbine feed valves
were closed, the steam in the core had nowhere to go. Then, the pressure in the core did not increase,
causing even more steam to be created. When the reactor core began to meltdown, liquid metal
touched the steam, causing an explosion. The explosion caused the roof of the core to lift off, exposing
the core to air. The air reacted with the graphite moderator in the core, resulting in the production of
carbon monoxide. Since carbon monoxide is flammable, it caught fire due to the extreme heat in the
core. The fire burned for days.

Conclusion
Even during the worst accident in the history of nuclear reactors, an explosion like an
atomic bomb did not occur. This is because the fuel and design of a nuclear reactor do not allow the
fission reaction to become uncontrolled making it impossible for an explosion like an atomic bomb to
occur.

 

Technical Description - The Den

X-Files' star Gillian Anderson writing sci-fi book series

"'X-Files' star Gillian Anderson writing sci-fi book series Crave: The gadget blog by Bonnie Burton  /  22min  //  keep unread  //  hide  //  preview

+TAG Actress Gillian Anderson, best known for her role as FBI Agent Dana Scully -- Agent Fox Mulder's skeptical partner -- in hit sci-fi series 'The X-Files,' is now writing a sci-fi book series called 'EarthEnd Saga' with co-writer Jeff Rovin, who is best known for 'Tom Clancy's Op-Center' book series.

The first book in the saga, 'A Vision of Fire,' tells the story of a child psychiatrist, Caitlin O'Hara, who treats children who have suffered trauma due to war and natural disasters. O'Hara's world changes forever when she begins to help one troubled young girl.

'Over the course of spending time and helping her and investigating the origins of the girl's trauma, Caitlin begins to realize that the girl's behavior is tied to much greater forces in the universe, and as the story unfolds, she must prevent destruction on a grand scale,' Anderson told Entertainment Weekly.

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(Via Louisville's Independent Media / LNOradio.com.)

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